A male golden-collared manakin, a small bird with a bright yellow neck, is a skilled dancer. He must be, if he wants to impress the ladies, who watch him carefully from the sidelines of a self-constructed dance floor in the forests of Panama. The speed and timing of his moves are of the utmost importance, suggests a new study. If the females like what they see, he鈥檒l get the chance to mate and leave behind another dashing dancer.
Here鈥檚 how the courting takes place: First, the male manakin carefully clears a space on the forest floor, called a 鈥渃ourt.鈥 Then, he alights on a branch of a sapling that borders his newly designated area. With a puff of his yellow neck, or 鈥渂eard,鈥 he鈥檚 ready to show off his moves to potential mates鈥揳nd then, he鈥檚 off. During the courtship dance, the male shoots between saplings, flying in an arc over his court, and flipping his wings to make a loud snapping noise at precise moments. Zooming back and forth takes lots of energy, but it鈥檚 worth it: Faster males get more chances to mate, by researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles and published in The Proceedings of The Royal Society B.
How well, and how fast, the males perform certain dance moves may signal to the choosey females how they perform overall. Superb motor skills, sharp senses, exquisite coordination, and necessary power indicate a good catch. And she鈥檚 picky. The researchers found that even the smallest differences in timing can make or break a courtship. 鈥淥ur results suggest that females visually discriminate differences in the male dance performance of tens to hundreds of milliseconds,鈥 the authors wrote, who studied the birds in Panama, which also reside in Colombia and Costa Rica.
A male golden-collared manakin
(By Julia Barske/UCLA Life Sciences)
Researchers call the courtship dance 鈥渁crobatic鈥 and it鈥檚 so taxing that the birds鈥 heartbeats per minute can almost double during the exercise to an astounding peak of about 1,300 beats per minute, a level previously only found in hummingbirds. It takes so much energy that the male loses about a fifth of his body mass over the six to seven weeks of courting, when he performs daily.
The female manakins don鈥檛 dance. They get to be the judges of the show and award the fastest dancing males with the most opportunities to mate. Males don鈥檛 stick around after mating, so the golden-collared manakin mothers raise their offspring alone. That means females don鈥檛 choose a partner based on whether or not they think he will be good at parenting. Instead, the female decides if he鈥檚 a good mate by judging him on physical traits. Males that look healthiest or the most robust or the most decorated broadcast good genes 鈥 genes that will be passed down to his offspring. Male manakins with bright neck plumage get more chances with the ladies, and now scientists know that their dance skills also make them more seductive.
See other courtship performances:
- The peacock and displays a 鈥減eacock tail.鈥
- Dances from the .
- a group dance.
Also read:
- Tarantulas go courting.
- The male sage grouse shows off his colors and choreography, but may not have much longer to do so.
- Some animals feel the beat