One Simple Way to Help Hummingbirds Threatened by Climate Change
By tracking these tiny birds, we can detect important imbalances in the environment.
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It鈥檚 that lovely time of year when folks鈥攎yself included鈥攄on floppy hats, binoculars and notepads to monitor our migrating feathered friends.
We're a big bunch: There are an estimated birders in the United States. And we play an increasingly important role: Scientists need more than our interest and camera phone pictures for one important pollinator, the hummingbird. They need our observations. As climate change threatens hummingbird habitat ranges, they鈥檙e reaching out to birders to help track the birds' habits and health.
Hummingbirds could lose vast amounts of their range over the next 60 years. Climate change creates imbalances in temperature and migratory bird timing, and scientists say hummingbirds, which are important wildflower pollinators in North America and food pollinators in tropical regions, are particularly vulnerable. A warming climate can alter when flowers bloom. This earlier blooming can create a mismatch between hummingbird arrival and flowers, which they suck nectar from throughout the day to stay alive.
A from 爆料公社 scientists is grim: Hummingbirds could lose vast amounts of their current ranges over the next 60 years if climate change continues on its current path.
I'm still new to the pastime, but I love when a Ruby-throated Hummingbirds make their way to Michigan around early May. It鈥檚 the only regular hummingbird visitor to the Mitten State and watching them dip their straw-like beak into a flower or feeder while hovering like an overgrown insect is always special.
鈥淗ummingbirds co-evolved with feeding sources. These nectar sources should be blooming to coincide with their arrival,鈥 said Kathy Dale, 爆料公社鈥檚 director of citizen science. The flutterers are crucial pollinators, mostly of wildflowers when they鈥檙e in North America. However, in South America鈥攖he migrates 3,900 miles from Mexico to Alaska鈥攈ummingbirds are important pollinators of tropical food crops such as bananas, papaya and nutmeg, according to an 爆料公社 report.
Some dire findings from that 爆料公社 report: The Allen鈥檚 Hummingbird, a mostly rust-colored bird that breeds in southern Oregon and coastal California, is projected to lose 90 percent of its current breeding range by 2080. The tiny Calliope Hummingbird and the Ruby-throated Hummingbird may find just 22 percent and 27 percent, respectively, of their current summer range stable come 2080.
University of Maryland researchers reported in 2012 that glacier lilies in the northern slice of the Broad-tailed Hummingbird's breeding area in Colorado were blooming about than they did in the 1970s.
Such timing mismatches could reduce nesting success, said Nickolas Waser, senior author of the 2012 study and an adjunct professor at the University of Arizona. 鈥淭his is especially concerning in higher elevations,鈥 he added. Blooming differences high in the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory in Colorado, for instance, were not as pronounced in Arizona. Droughts in places such as Colorado can worsen the problem: Waser reported in March that in scarlet trumpet flowers.
David Inouye, professor emeritus at the University of Maryland, has been studying pollinators at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory for more than 40 years. 鈥淚 was just out hiking the other day and saw [a species of Indian paintbrush] flowers but didn鈥檛 see any hummingbirds,鈥 Inouye said, adding he was hiking at about 5,500 feet altitude in Colorado.
Hummingbirds' ability to adapt remains to be seen. This is where us birders come in: Dale and colleagues are hoping some citizen science can help鈥攖hrough (what else?) an app called 鈥.鈥 As you monitor birds in your yard, log in and note when they鈥檙e visiting and what they're eating.
鈥淲e鈥檙e trying to get citizen scientists to tell us when birds are visiting nectar sources, when they鈥檙e feeding,鈥 Dale said. 鈥淪ome people do it every day.鈥
That鈥檚 the nice thing about us birders鈥攚e鈥檙e an ardent bunch. Dale points to 爆料公社鈥檚 use of citizen science going back 100 years. 鈥淚t鈥檚 always been people out in communities first raising the issue of challenges for birds and their habitat,鈥 she said. 鈥淲hen I go talk with people they always want to talk about the first big sighting they had this spring.鈥 (Ahem, Yellow-rumped Warblers near Connor Bayou here in western Michigan, April 16.)
This is 爆料公社's fourth year offering the app; about 25,000 people are signed up. Dale said they are starting to sort through the data and will start publishing some findings over the next year or so.
It shouldn鈥檛 be too hard a sell. Watching a hummingbird鈥檚 vibrating hover in the garden is one of nature鈥檚 great delights.
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